Renaissance architect Leon Battista Alberti said that the same characteristics that please the eye also please the ear. Musical terms such as rhythm, texture, harmony, proportion, dynamics, and articulation refer both to architecture and to music. Rhythm in music is patterns of sounds in relation to a beat; repetition of elements - openings, shapes, structural bays- establish regular or irregular rhythm in architecture. Musical texture refers to layers of sounds and rhythms produced by different instruments. Architectural texture appears in different materials. Harmony is balance of sound or composition and balance of parts together. Proportion is relationship between parts; in music it is distance between notes or intervals. Dynamics is the quality of action in music or in a building’s facade or mass.
The philosopher Goethe says that architecture is frozen music.
What do you think?
Activity 1 – Make Architecture Dance
In this last exercise, pick another piece of music. Diagram the music using the three steps of dynamics, rhythm and texture. This time combine the three diagrams into one diagram. Think of stanzas of a musical score. Turn your diagram into a façade or front face (elevation) of a building. Challenge: Use the choreography of the music to suggest a sequence of spaces in plan of a house or a public museum! Use linear sequences, crescendos, accents, and events. Choreograph a series of room shapes based on the music. For you maestros, take your plan choreography and turn the different shapes into different architectural forms.
Make architecture dance!
Activity 2 – Map a Musical Facade
Pick a picture of a building. Just as in activity one, where you listened to music, map the dynamics, rhythm, and texture of the building façade on three different sheets of paper. Label each. Combine all three diagrams into a map of the experience of looking at the building.
Is architecture frozen music?
Activity 3 – Make a Musical Score
Pick a piece of music. (A section of a piece by Brahms is included as a resource). Take a piece of paper and several colored markers. Listen to the music. Turn the paper horizontally. Make a diagram reading from left to right that shows its dynamics. Take another horizontal sheet and mark the rhythm. On a third sheet make texture layers of different sounds that you hear when you hear them (i.e. voice, drums, instruments). Use different color markers and different shapes and symbols and lines for speed, loudness, regularity. Finally, looking at all three auditory maps, combine them into one single choreography which graphically suggests the music.
See and make music on paper!
Activity 4 – Find Musical Places in Architecture
Take a walk around your town. Where are there places for music? Are there concert theaters? Are there auditoriums and stages? Are there outdoor band shells and music amphitheaters? Are there buildings that could be enhanced with sound? Sound Dialogues** Are there musical steps anywhere? Watch this video about how making music changed people’s behavior. Are there swings that make music when you swing? Watch this video and think about where such swings could enliven your city. What other ideas do you have about introducing music in architectural spaces for your city? Brainstorm some ideas and for each one, find a precedent or example if possible. Included the precedent in your report as well as a sketch of what you are proposing.
Make Music in Architecture!
Review
- Articulation, harmony and proportion are used when composing music.
- The distance between notes is called an interval:
- Crescendo (getting louder) and decrescendo (getting softer) are examples of:
- Harmony means balance in a composition.
- Rhythm in architecture means using different materials for different parts of a building.
- Is architecture musical in any way?
Explore
- A Passion for Jazz
- Auditorium
- Bb 2.o Collaborative Music
- Fallingwater Light and Sound Show
- Falling Water Video Mapped by Luftwerks
- How to Read Music, TEDed
- Mozart's Scores (type in search to open)
- Musical Scores
- Musical Stairs! Video
- Pianola Citymusic
- Sampulator Make & Record a Score Online
- Somewhere Over the Rainbow Voice Tracker
- Sound Dialogues, Architect David Adjaye&Kwame
- TED David Byrne: How Architecture Helped Music Evolve
- Video 16 Levels of Piano Composition
- Video Bach Toccata & Fugue in D Minor
- Video Chopin, Fantasie-Impromptu, opus 66
- Video HOME/DOM/CASA
- Video Mozart Marriage of Figaro
- Video Musical Swings (for your school yard?)
- Video Music in Ancient Greece
- Video Robie House: Projecting Modern by Luftwerks
- Video Spring Light by Luftwerks
- Video Steven Holl's Daeyang Gallery and House
- Video Symphonic House
- What is music?
- What is Musical Composition?